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How AWS S3 serves 1 petabyte per second on top of slow HDDs

AWS S3 doesn’t need fancy hardware. It wrings performance out ofcheap HDDs,log-structured merge trees, anderasure coding. The trick? Shard everything. Hit it in parallel. Randomized placementdodges hotspots.Hedged requestsrace the slowest links. And when things get lopsided, S3 rebalances - constant..

How AWS S3 serves 1 petabyte per second on top of slow HDDs
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Ansible Service Module: Start, Stop, & Manage Services

The Ansibleservicemodulehandles LinuxandWindows without choking on init system quirks. One playbook can start, stop, enable, or restart anything - no matter the OS. Idempotent, so you don’t have to babysit state. Clean and repeatable. Bonus: it’s great for wrangling fleets. Think: coordinating servi..

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How LogSeam Searches 500 Million Logs per second

LogSeam rips through500M log searches/secand pushes1.5+ TB/s throughputusing Tigris’ geo-distributed object storage. It slashes log volume by 100× with Parquet + Zstandard compression. Then it spins up compute on the fly, right where the data lives—no long-running infrastructure, no laggy reads...

How LogSeam Searches 500 Million Logs per second
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Automated GitHub Self-Hosted Runner Cleanup: Lambda Functions and Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks

When an EC2 instance in an Auto Scaling Group shuts down, event-driven plumbing kicks in. Alifecycle hookcatches the scale-in, fires off an SNS notification, and triggers aLambda. That Lambda calls the GitHub API to yank the self-hosted runner before the instance dies. No dangling runners. No manual..

Automated GitHub Self-Hosted Runner Cleanup: Lambda Functions and Auto Scaling Lifecycle Hooks
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How We Migrated DB 1 to DB 2 , 1 Billion Records Without Downtime

A team movedover 1 billion production records- no downtime, no drama. The stack: dual writes, Kafka retries, and idempotent inserts to keep it clean. They ranshadow readsto sniff for errors, chunked the transfers with checksums, and held off indexing to keep inserts fast. Caches got warmed early to ..

How We Migrated DB 1 to DB 2 , 1 Billion Records Without Downtime
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Seven Years of Firecracker

AWS is puttingFirecracker microVMsto work in two fresh stacks:AgentCore, the new base layer for AI agents, andAurora DSQL, a serverless, PostgreSQL-compatible database it just rolled out. AgentCore gives each agent session its own microVM. More isolation, less cross-talk - solid for multistep LLM wo..

Seven Years of Firecracker
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Python 3.14 Is Here. How Fast Is It?

Python 3.14lands with a~27%speed jump over 3.13, keeping the post-3.11 momentum alive. The big news: the newfree-threading interpreter- no GIL - now hits up to3.1x fasterthan regular CPython in multi-threaded, CPU-heavy benchmarks. That’s up from 2.2x in 3.13. Less shiny: theJIT interpreterstill can..

Python 3.14 Is Here. How Fast Is It?
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The Myths (and Costs) of Running Node.js on Kubernetes

Kubernetes struggles to scale Node.js efficiently due to a mismatch in resource usage patterns. Autoscaling can be sluggish with bursty traffic, leading to revenue risks and performance issues. Teams must rethink resource allocation and scaling strategies to optimize Node.js efficiency in Kubernetes..

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How I Built My Kubernetes Command Toolkit: A Journey from kubectl Chaos to Command Mastery

A dev-built Kubernetes CLI framework reshapeskubectlfor how teams actually work. Commands get grouped by role - dev, SRE, sec, admin - instead of by resource. It bakes in defaults forKyvernopolicies, encourages muscle-memory workflows, and wires up real-time troubleshooting to shrink downtime in pro..

How I Built My Kubernetes Command Toolkit: A Journey from kubectl Chaos to Command Mastery
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Internal HTTPS Routing in Istio.

Istio finally bringsinternal HTTPS routingwithSNI-based traffic rules. Services in the mesh can now talk over port 443—TLS fully intact. Just like in prod. TLS terminates at the ingress gateway. Routing pivots on SNI, not headers. Which makes this much closer to real-world mTLS flows. What’s the pla..

Internal HTTPS Routing in Istio.
Flask is an open-source web framework written in Python and created by Armin Ronacher in 2010. It is known as a microframework, not because it is weak or incomplete, but because it provides only the essential building blocks for developing web applications. Its core focuses on handling HTTP requests, defining routes, and rendering templates, while leaving decisions about databases, authentication, form handling, and other components to the developer. This minimalistic design makes Flask lightweight, flexible, and easy to learn, but also powerful enough to support complex systems when extended with the right tools.

At the heart of Flask are two libraries: Werkzeug, which is a WSGI utility library that handles the low-level details of communication between web servers and applications, and Jinja2, a templating engine that allows developers to write dynamic HTML pages with embedded Python logic. By combining these two, Flask provides a clean and pythonic way to create web applications without imposing strict architectural patterns.

One of the defining characteristics of Flask is its explicitness. Unlike larger frameworks such as Django, Flask does not try to hide complexity behind layers of abstraction or dictate how a project should be structured. Instead, it gives developers complete control over how they organize their code and which tools they integrate. This explicit nature makes applications easier to reason about and gives teams the freedom to design solutions that match their exact needs. At the same time, Flask benefits from a vast ecosystem of extensions contributed by the community. These extensions cover areas such as database integration through SQLAlchemy, user session and authentication management, form validation with CSRF protection, and database migration handling. This modular approach means a developer can start with a very simple application and gradually add only the pieces they require, avoiding the overhead of unused components.

Flask is also widely appreciated for its simplicity and approachability. Many developers write their first web application in Flask because the learning curve is gentle, the documentation is clear, and the framework itself avoids unnecessary complexity. It is particularly well suited for building prototypes, REST APIs, microservices, or small to medium-sized web applications. At the same time, production-grade deployments are supported by running Flask applications on WSGI servers such as Gunicorn or uWSGI, since the development server included with Flask is intended only for testing and debugging.

The strengths of Flask lie in its minimalism, flexibility, and extensibility. It gives developers the freedom to assemble their application architecture, choose their own libraries, and maintain tight control over how things work under the hood. This is attractive to experienced engineers who dislike being boxed in by heavy frameworks. However, the same freedom can become a limitation. Flask does not include features like an ORM, admin interface, or built-in authentication system, which means teams working on very large applications must take on more responsibility for enforcing patterns and maintaining consistency. In situations where a project requires an opinionated, all-in-one solution, Django or another full-stack framework may be a better fit.

In practice, Flask has grown far beyond its initial positioning as a lightweight tool. It has been used by startups for rapid prototypes and by large companies for production systems. Its design philosophy—keep the core simple, make extensions easy, and let developers decide—continues to attract both beginners and professionals. This balance between simplicity and power has made Flask one of the most enduring and widely used Python web frameworks.