In most cases, you need to add some formatting, links, or images to your email notifications. We can simply put all of these with the HTML content. For this purpose, Python has an email package.
We will deal with the MIME message type, which is able to combine HTML and plain text. In Python, it is handled by the email.mime module.
It is better to write a text version and an HTML version separately, and then merge them with the MIMEMultipart(“alternative”) instance. It means that such a message has two rendering options accordingly. In case an HTML isn’t be rendered successfully for some reason, a text version will still be available.
Input:
# import the necessary components first
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
port = 2525
smtp_server = "smtp.mailtrap.io"
login = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your login generated by Mailtrap
password = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your password generated by Mailtrap
sender_email = "mailtrap@example.com"
receiver_email = "new@example.com"
message = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
message["Subject"] = "multipart test"
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
# write the plain text part
text = """\
Hi,
Check out the new post on the Mailtrap blog:
SMTP Server for Testing: Cloud-based or Local?
/blog/2018/09/27/cloud-or-local-smtp-server/
Feel free to let us know what content would be useful for you!"""
# write the HTML part
html = """\
<html>
<body>
<p>Hi,<br>
Check out the new post on the Mailtrap blog:</p>
<p><a href="/blog/2018/09/27/cloud-or-local-smtp-server">SMTP Server for Testing: Cloud-based or Local?</a></p>
<p> Feel free to <strong>let us</strong> know what content would be useful for you!</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
# convert both parts to MIMEText objects and add them to the MIMEMultipart message
part1 = MIMEText(text, "plain")
part2 = MIMEText(html, "html")
message.attach(part1)
message.attach(part2)
# send your email
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.mailtrap.io", 2525) as server:
server.login(login, password)
server.sendmail(
sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string()
)
print('Sent')
Output:
Sending emails with attachments in Python
The next step in mastering sending emails with Python is attaching files. Attachments are still the MIME objects but we need to encode them with the base64 module. A couple of important points about the attachments:
- Python lets you attach text files, images, audio files, and even applications. You just need to use the appropriate email class like email.mime.audio.MIMEAudio or email.mime.image.MIMEImage. For the full information, refer to this section of the Python documentation. Also, you can check the examples provided by Python for a better understanding.
- Remember about the file size: sending files over 20MB is a bad practice.
In transactional emails, the PDF files are the most frequently used: we usually get receipts, tickets, boarding passes, orders confirmations, etc. So let’s review how to send a boarding pass as a PDF file.
Input:
import smtplib
# import the corresponding modules
from email import encoders
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
port = 2525
smtp_server = "smtp.mailtrap.io"
login = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your login generated by Mailtrap
password = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your password generated by Mailtrap
subject = "An example of boarding pass"
sender_email = "mailtrap@example.com"
receiver_email = "new@example.com"
message = MIMEMultipart()
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
message["Subject"] = subject
# Add body to email
body = "This is an example of how you can send a boarding pass in attachment with Python"
message.attach(MIMEText(body, "plain"))
filename = "yourBP.pdf"
# Open PDF file in binary mode
# We assume that the file is in the directory where you run your Python script from
with open(filename, "rb") as attachment:
# The content type "application/octet-stream" means that a MIME attachment is a binary file
part = MIMEBase("application", "octet-stream")
part.set_payload(attachment.read())
# Encode to base64
encoders.encode_base64(part)
# Add header
part.add_header(
"Content-Disposition",
f"attachment; filename= {filename}",
)
# Add attachment to your message and convert it to string
message.attach(part)
text = message.as_string()
# send your email
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.mailtrap.io", 2525) as server:
server.login(login, password)
server.sendmail(
sender_email, receiver_email, text
)
print('Sent')
To attach several files, you can call the message.attach() method several times.
How to send an email with images
Images, even if they are a part of the message body, are attachments as well. There are three types of them: CID attachments (embedded as a MIME object), base64 images (inline embedding), and linked images. We have described their peculiarities, pros and cons, and compatibility with most email clients in this post.
Let’s jump to examples.
For adding a CID attachment, we will create a MIME multipart message with MIMEImage component:
# import all necessary components
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
port = 2525
smtp_server = "smtp.mailtrap.io"
login = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your login generated by Mailtrap
password = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your password generated by Mailtrap
sender_email = "mailtrap@example.com"
receiver_email = "new@example.com"
message = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
message["Subject"] = "CID image test"
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
# write the HTML part
html = """\
<html>
<body>
<img src="cid:Mailtrapimage">
</body>
</html>
"""
part = MIMEText(html, "html")
message.attach(part)
# We assume that the image file is in the same directory that you run your Python script from
fp = open('mailtrap.jpg', 'rb')
image = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
# Specify the ID according to the img src in the HTML part
image.add_header('Content-ID', '<Mailtrapimage>')
message.attach(image)
# send your email
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.mailtrap.io", 2525) as server:
server.login(login, password)
server.sendmail(
sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string()
)
print('Sent')
Output:
The CID image is shown both as a part of the HTML message and as an attachment. Messages with this image type are often considered spam: check the Analytics tab in Mailtrap to see the spam rate and recommendations on its improvement. Many email clients – Gmail in particular – don’t display CID images in most cases. So let’s review how to embed a base64 encoded image.
Here we will use base64 module and experiment with the same image file:
# import the necessary components first
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import base64
port = 2525
smtp_server = "smtp.mailtrap.io"
login = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your login generated by Mailtrap
password = "1a2b3c4d5e6f7g" # paste your password generated by Mailtrap
sender_email = "mailtrap@example.com"
receiver_email = "new@example.com"
message = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
message["Subject"] = "inline embedding"
message["From"] = sender_email
message["To"] = receiver_email
# We assume that the image file is in the same directory that you run your Python script from
encoded = base64.b64encode(open("mailtrap.jpg", "rb").read()).decode()
html = f"""\
<html>
<body>
<img src="data:image/jpg;base64,{encoded}">
</body>
</html>
"""
part = MIMEText(html, "html")
message.attach(part)
# send your email
with smtplib.SMTP("smtp.mailtrap.io", 2525) as server:
server.login(login, password)
server.sendmail(
sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string()
)
print('Sent')
Output:
Now the image is embedded into the HTML message and is not available as attached file. Python has encoded our jpg image, and if we go to the HTML Source tab, we will see the long image data string in the img src.
To learn about sending to multiple recipients, using SMTP and Gmail head to the comprehensive guide on sending emails in Python by Mailtrap.
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