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Authentication Explained: When to Use Basic, Bearer, OAuth2, JWT & SSO

Modern apps don’t just check passwords—they rely on **API tokens**, **OAuth**, and **Single Sign-On (SSO)** to know who’s knocking before they open the door... read more  

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Organize your Slack channels by “How Often”, not “What” - Aggressively Paraphrasing Me

One dev rewired their Slack setup by **engagement frequency**—not subject. Channels got sorted into tiers like “Read Now” and “Read Hourly,” cutting through noise and saving brainpower. It riffs off the **Eisenhower Matrix**, letting priorities shift with projects, not burn people out... read more  

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Uncommon Uses of Common Python Standard Library Functions

A fresh guide gives old Python friends a second look—turns out, tools like **itertools.groupby**, **zip**, **bisect**, and **heapq** aren’t just standard; they’re slick solutions to real problems. Think run-length encoding, matrix transposes, or fast, sorted inserts without bringing in another depen.. read more  

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Privacy for subdomains: the solution

A two-container setup using **acme.sh** gets Let's Encrypt certs running on a Synology NAS—thanks, Docker. No built-in Certbot support? No problem. Cloudflare DNS API token handles auth. Scheduled tasks handle renewal... read more  

Privacy for subdomains: the solution
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Users Only Care About 20% of Your Application

Modern apps burst with features most people never touch. Users stick to their favorite 20%. The rest? Frustration, bloat, ignored edge cases. Tools like **VS Code**, **Slack**, and **Notion** nail it by staying lean at the core and letting users stack what they need. Extensions, plug-ins, integrati.. read more  

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Building a Resilient Data Platform with Write-Ahead Log at Netflix

Netflix faced challenges like data loss, system entropy, updates across partitions, and reliable retries. To address these, they built a generic Write-Ahead Log (WAL) system serving a variety of use cases like delayed queues, generic cross-region replication, and multi-partition mutations. WAL abstr.. read more  

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Implementing Vector Search from Scratch: A Step-by-Step Tutorial

Search is a fundamental problem in computing, and vector search aims to match meanings rather than exact words. By converting queries and documents into numerical vectors and calculating similarity, vector search retrieves contextually relevant results. In this tutorial, a vector search system is bu.. read more  

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5 Free AI Courses from Hugging Face

Hugging Face just rolled out a sharp set of free AI courses. Real topics, real tools—think **AI agents, LLMs, diffusion models, deep RL**, and more. It’s hands-on from the jump, packed with frameworks like LangGraph, Diffusers, and Stable Baselines3. You don’t just read about models—you build ‘em i.. read more  

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Inside NVIDIA GPUs: Anatomy of high performance matmul kernels

NVIDIA Hopper packs serious architectural tricks. At the core: **Tensor Memory Accelerator (TMA)**, **tensor cores**, and **swizzling**—the trio behind async, cache-friendly matmul kernels that flirt with peak throughput. But folks aren't stopping at cuBLAS. They're stacking new tactics: **warp-gro.. read more  

Inside NVIDIA GPUs: Anatomy of high performance matmul kernels
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The productivity paradox of AI coding assistants

A July 2025 METR trial dropped a twist: seasoned devs using Cursor with Claude 3.5/3.7 moved **19% slower** - while thinking they were **20% faster**. Chalk it up to AI-induced confidence inflation. Faros AI tracked over **10,000 developers**. More AI didn’t mean more done. It meant more juggling, .. read more  

The productivity paradox of AI coding assistants
Flask is an open-source web framework written in Python and created by Armin Ronacher in 2010. It is known as a microframework, not because it is weak or incomplete, but because it provides only the essential building blocks for developing web applications. Its core focuses on handling HTTP requests, defining routes, and rendering templates, while leaving decisions about databases, authentication, form handling, and other components to the developer. This minimalistic design makes Flask lightweight, flexible, and easy to learn, but also powerful enough to support complex systems when extended with the right tools.

At the heart of Flask are two libraries: Werkzeug, which is a WSGI utility library that handles the low-level details of communication between web servers and applications, and Jinja2, a templating engine that allows developers to write dynamic HTML pages with embedded Python logic. By combining these two, Flask provides a clean and pythonic way to create web applications without imposing strict architectural patterns.

One of the defining characteristics of Flask is its explicitness. Unlike larger frameworks such as Django, Flask does not try to hide complexity behind layers of abstraction or dictate how a project should be structured. Instead, it gives developers complete control over how they organize their code and which tools they integrate. This explicit nature makes applications easier to reason about and gives teams the freedom to design solutions that match their exact needs. At the same time, Flask benefits from a vast ecosystem of extensions contributed by the community. These extensions cover areas such as database integration through SQLAlchemy, user session and authentication management, form validation with CSRF protection, and database migration handling. This modular approach means a developer can start with a very simple application and gradually add only the pieces they require, avoiding the overhead of unused components.

Flask is also widely appreciated for its simplicity and approachability. Many developers write their first web application in Flask because the learning curve is gentle, the documentation is clear, and the framework itself avoids unnecessary complexity. It is particularly well suited for building prototypes, REST APIs, microservices, or small to medium-sized web applications. At the same time, production-grade deployments are supported by running Flask applications on WSGI servers such as Gunicorn or uWSGI, since the development server included with Flask is intended only for testing and debugging.

The strengths of Flask lie in its minimalism, flexibility, and extensibility. It gives developers the freedom to assemble their application architecture, choose their own libraries, and maintain tight control over how things work under the hood. This is attractive to experienced engineers who dislike being boxed in by heavy frameworks. However, the same freedom can become a limitation. Flask does not include features like an ORM, admin interface, or built-in authentication system, which means teams working on very large applications must take on more responsibility for enforcing patterns and maintaining consistency. In situations where a project requires an opinionated, all-in-one solution, Django or another full-stack framework may be a better fit.

In practice, Flask has grown far beyond its initial positioning as a lightweight tool. It has been used by startups for rapid prototypes and by large companies for production systems. Its design philosophy—keep the core simple, make extensions easy, and let developers decide—continues to attract both beginners and professionals. This balance between simplicity and power has made Flask one of the most enduring and widely used Python web frameworks.