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A trillion dollars is a terrible thing to waste

OpenAI co-founder Ilya Sutskever just said the quiet part out loud: scaling laws are breaking down. Bigger models aren’t getting better at thinking, they’re getting worse at generalizing and reasoning. Now he’s eyeingneurosymbolic AIandinnate inductive constraints. Yep, the “just make it huge” era m.. read more  

A trillion dollars is a terrible thing to waste
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Prompts for Open Problems

The author, Ben Recht, proposes five research directions inspired by his graduate machine learning class, arguing for different research rather than just more. These prompts include adopting a design-based view for decision theory, explaining the robust scaling trends in competitive testing, and mov.. read more  

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Advancing Our Chef Infrastructure: Safety Without Disruption

Slack pulled back the curtain onSlack AI, its LLM-powered assistant built with a fortress mindset. Every customer gets their ownisolated environment. Any data passed tovendor LLMs? It'sephemeral. Gone before it can stick. No fine-tuning. No exporting data outside Slack. And there’s a wholemiddle-lay.. read more  

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Why we're leaving serverless

Every millisecond matters in the critical path of API authentication. After two years of battling serverless limitations, the entire API stack was rebuilt to reduce end-to-end latency. The move from Cloudflare Workers to stateful Go servers resulted in a 6x performance improvement and simplified arc.. read more  

Why we're leaving serverless
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Failure is inevitable: Learning from a large outage, and building for reliability in depth at

Datadog ditched its “never fail” mindset after a March 2023 meltdown knocked out half its Kubernetes nodes and took major user features down with them. The fix? A full-stack rethink built aroundgraceful degradation. The team addeddisk-based persistence at intake,live-data prioritization,QoS-aware re.. read more  

Failure is inevitable: Learning from a large outage, and building for reliability in depth at
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You’ll never see attrition referenced in an RCA

Lorin Hochstein argues that while high-profile engineer attrition is often speculated to contribute to major outages, it is universally absent from public Root Cause Analyses (RCAs). This exclusion occurs because public RCAs aim to reassure customers by focusing on technical fixes, whereas attrition.. read more  

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Declarative Action Architecture

The Declarative Action Architecture (DAA) is a scalable E2E testing pattern that separates concerns across three distinct layers. TheTest Layeris 100% declarative, statingwhatis being tested without any procedural logic, making tests read like documentation. The coreAction Layerimplements the execut.. read more  

Declarative Action Architecture
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Comparing AWS Lambda Arm64 vs x86_64 Performance Across Multiple Runtimes in Late 2025

A new open-source benchmark looked at 183,000 AWS Lambda invocations, andarm64 beats x86_64across the board in both cost and speed. Rust on arm64 with SHA-256 tuned in assembly? It clocks in 4–5× faster than x86 in CPU-heavy tasks. Cold starts are snappy too—5–8× quicker than Node.js and Python... read more  

Comparing AWS Lambda Arm64 vs x86_64 Performance Across Multiple Runtimes in Late 2025
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The story of how we almost got hacked

Team Invictus caught a BEC attempt using WeTransfer to slip in a fake Microsoft 365 login page powered byEvilProxy. Classic Adversary-in-the-Middle move, but dressed up with a slick delivery package. Digging deeper, the team mapped the attacker’s setup and found something bigger: a credential grab c.. read more  

The story of how we almost got hacked
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Agent Sandbox Brings Kernel-Level Guardrails to AI Agents on Kubernetes

Kubernetes gVisor Kata Containers Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

Agent Sandbox, a new Kubernetes primitive, was introduced at KubeCon NA 2025 to enhance AI agent management on Kubernetes and Google Kubernetes Engine.

Agent Sandbox Brings Kernel-Level Guardrails to AI Agents on Kubernetes
Flask is an open-source web framework written in Python and created by Armin Ronacher in 2010. It is known as a microframework, not because it is weak or incomplete, but because it provides only the essential building blocks for developing web applications. Its core focuses on handling HTTP requests, defining routes, and rendering templates, while leaving decisions about databases, authentication, form handling, and other components to the developer. This minimalistic design makes Flask lightweight, flexible, and easy to learn, but also powerful enough to support complex systems when extended with the right tools.

At the heart of Flask are two libraries: Werkzeug, which is a WSGI utility library that handles the low-level details of communication between web servers and applications, and Jinja2, a templating engine that allows developers to write dynamic HTML pages with embedded Python logic. By combining these two, Flask provides a clean and pythonic way to create web applications without imposing strict architectural patterns.

One of the defining characteristics of Flask is its explicitness. Unlike larger frameworks such as Django, Flask does not try to hide complexity behind layers of abstraction or dictate how a project should be structured. Instead, it gives developers complete control over how they organize their code and which tools they integrate. This explicit nature makes applications easier to reason about and gives teams the freedom to design solutions that match their exact needs. At the same time, Flask benefits from a vast ecosystem of extensions contributed by the community. These extensions cover areas such as database integration through SQLAlchemy, user session and authentication management, form validation with CSRF protection, and database migration handling. This modular approach means a developer can start with a very simple application and gradually add only the pieces they require, avoiding the overhead of unused components.

Flask is also widely appreciated for its simplicity and approachability. Many developers write their first web application in Flask because the learning curve is gentle, the documentation is clear, and the framework itself avoids unnecessary complexity. It is particularly well suited for building prototypes, REST APIs, microservices, or small to medium-sized web applications. At the same time, production-grade deployments are supported by running Flask applications on WSGI servers such as Gunicorn or uWSGI, since the development server included with Flask is intended only for testing and debugging.

The strengths of Flask lie in its minimalism, flexibility, and extensibility. It gives developers the freedom to assemble their application architecture, choose their own libraries, and maintain tight control over how things work under the hood. This is attractive to experienced engineers who dislike being boxed in by heavy frameworks. However, the same freedom can become a limitation. Flask does not include features like an ORM, admin interface, or built-in authentication system, which means teams working on very large applications must take on more responsibility for enforcing patterns and maintaining consistency. In situations where a project requires an opinionated, all-in-one solution, Django or another full-stack framework may be a better fit.

In practice, Flask has grown far beyond its initial positioning as a lightweight tool. It has been used by startups for rapid prototypes and by large companies for production systems. Its design philosophy—keep the core simple, make extensions easy, and let developers decide—continues to attract both beginners and professionals. This balance between simplicity and power has made Flask one of the most enduring and widely used Python web frameworks.